The gauge has been versatile in application. Film 35 mm wide with four perforations per frame became accepted as the international standard gauge in 1909, and remained by far the dominant film gauge for image origination and projection until the advent of digital photography and cinematography. The 35 mm width, originally specified as 1 + 3⁄ 8 inches, was introduced around 1890 by William Kennedy Dickson and Thomas Edison, using 120 film stock supplied by George Eastman. This resulted in cameras, projectors, and other equipment having to be calibrated to each gauge. The standard image exposure length on 35 mm for movies ("single-frame" format) is four perforations per frame along both edges, which results in 16 frames per foot of film.Ī variety of largely proprietary gauges were devised for the numerous camera and projection systems being developed independently in the late 19th century and early 20th century, as well as a variety of film feeding systems. The name of the gauge is not a direct measurement, and refers to the nominal width of the 35 mm format photographic film, which consists of strips 1.377 ± 0.001 inches (34.976 ± 0.025 mm) wide. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge. 35 mm movie filmģ5 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. For the still photographic film gauge, see 135 film. This article is about the motion picture film gauge.
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